OpenFlow - Overview

SDN is Open Flow - General Myth

Reality:

OpenFlow is the protocol that allows the SDN controllers to communicate with the forwarding plane of network devices. It is considered one of the first software-defined networking (SDN) standards.

An SDN Controller is the “brain” of the SDN network.

Any device that wants to communicate to an SDN Controller must support OpenFlow protocol. Through the OpenFlow, the SDN Controller pushes down changes to the switch or router flow-table allowing network administrators to segment traffic, control flows for optimal performance, and start testing new configurations and applications.

Protocol History

• In 2008, the original concept for OpenFlow began at Stanford University.
• Version 1.0 of the OpenFlow switch specification was released in December 2009. Since its establishment, OpenFlow has been managed by the Open Networking Foundation (ONF), a user-led organization dedicated to open standards and SDN adoption.
• Since its release, multiple companies and projects like the OpenDaylight Project support OpenFlow and provide OpenDaylight Controllers.
• Other companies like Cisco and Brocade also offer OpenFlow enabled controllers, with Cisco XNC and Brocade Vyatta Controller.

Benefits of OpenFlow

Programmability:

• Programmability enables innovation/differentiation.
• Accelerate new features and services introduction.

Centralized Intelligence:

• Simplify provisioning.
• Optimize performance.
• Granular policy management.

Abstraction:

• Decoupling of Hardware and Software,
• Control plane and forwarding
• Physical and logical configuration.

SDN OpenDayLight

OpenDaylight is an open source SDN controller, founded by the Linux Foundation. It is the popular open source SDN controllers now.

• We’ll need some switches that support OpenFlow to test open daylight. The best virtual network to test open daylight is Mininet.
• Mininet enables you to run a virtual network on your computer with devices that support OpenFlow.

APIC EM

One of the most popular protocols that are used between the network devices and the SDN controller is OpenFlow. E.g., OpenDaylight.

Now let’s think about some of the hardware that Cisco offers.

• There is a lot of hardware that is running now, which doesn’t support new protocols like OpenFlow.
• APIC-EM is an SDN controller that was constructed for Enterprise hardware.
• For the southbound interface, it uses protocols like Telnet, SSH, and SNMP to communicate with your hardware. For the northbound API, it uses a REST API with a suitable GUI.

Features of APIC- EM

• APIC-EM gathers information about the entire network.
• It creates pictures of topology.
• It sends configurations to all devices.
• It allows you to begin with network automation today, using the hardware you are currently using.

Industry Trends

Device vendors have adopted the concept of SDN. SDN aims to change the way companies build their computer networks. This section shows the various adoption of SDN by various vendors.

We can see in detail about Avaya, HP, Brocade, Cisco, and Vmware in the next cards.

Avaya

Avaya is an American multinational company that provides complete network solutions.

Avaya presents its SDN framework as a use case for the below services.

• Cloud-based service
• IT-as-a-service solution
• Software-defined data center (SDDC)

Avaya’s SDN framework is based on IEEE/IETF shortest path bridging standard and OpenStack - open source cloud operating a system.

Brocade

Brocade is also an American company that serves network hardware and software products, and it offers SDN enabled controllers built completely from opensource OpenDaylight software.

Brocade's literature on SDN controller states that

• it can deliver a common network view for multi-vendor networks and virtual machines
• smooth adoption to SDN
• complete application portability for an application built on OpenDaylight.

Cisco

Cisco is one of the largest multinational company that deals with network devices. It is one of the worldwide leaders in IT and Networking.

Cisco has committed to SDN by providing production-ready OpenFlow based controller and OpenFlow agents.

Hewlett Packard

Hewlett Packard (HP) is a popular software and hardware vendor that has shown its focus to SDN.

• HP provides products and solutions based on the ONF definition.
• At the infrastructure level, they provide OpenFlow switches, routers, controller and other systems.
• HP advertises SDN applications for network policy management, virtual networking, cloud computing, data center and more.

VMware NSX

VMware NSX is the network security and virtualization platform for the Software-defined data center. It is originated from VMware after they acquired Nicira in 2012.

• Software-defined networking (SDN) was launched into VMware after this acquisition.
• This solution decouples the networking functions from the physical devices, in the way like de-coupling virtual servers (VMs) from physical servers.

Key Areas in SDN

SDN focuses on the following key areas:

1.     Separation of data plane from the control plane.

2.     Centralization of the control plane.

3.     Standardized interfaces between the device and controller.

4.     Programmability of control plane by external applications.

Separating Data Plane from Control Plane

·         SDN allows the user to treat all the devices equally by hiding the vendor or device specifics of the data layer, thus representing the entire data plane as a virtual abstract layer.

·         SDN provides the flexibility to view the entire data plane infrastructure as a virtual resource that can be configured and controlled by an upper layer control plane.

In an SDN architecture, the network appears as one logical device to the applications.

Centralizing Control Plane

The control plane defines the controls and intelligence required by the data plane. The data layer hardware devices are now free from their individual control layers and can act as a collective resource.

Centralizing the control plane allows to inspect the state of the data layer and adjust dynamically to respond to new demands and changing conditions.

The control layer provides a global view of all the network-wide resources, representing all the network devices as one virtual logical network.

Standardized interfaces

Control and Data layers are generally referred to as North-Southbound interfaces. As you know, Southbound interfaces from the controller communicate with lower level hardware infrastructure and northbound interfaces communicate with business applications.

These communications should ideally follow well-defined standards to facilitate easy adoption and make the SDN architecture vendor independent. The standard bodies define several of the southbound messages.

Applications can use the northbound messages to extract information about the network.

Programmable Control Plane

Programming the control plane allows different parts of the network to communicate absolutely and gives a network flexible adoption control.

SDN controller software runs on separate hardware and thus providing centralized access to the entire network.

Business Values of SDN

·         Automation through network programmability (by using a DevOps method for the network) is one of the methods in which IT can check the costs associated with rapid growth without burning out engineers.

·         Flexibility: IT groups could turn more agile, and the deployment backlogs could become less problematic. Departments can self-select services namely third party, external, and internal cloud services.

·         Automation: It can easily include features (such as add policies, provision) to devices, workloads, segment, and cloud resources.

·         Visibility drives speed: Provides a holistic view of application connectivity and external needs (branch, device). Applications can ask for resources, routes, and instantaneously access heat maps (by the application) of traffic across the campus and data center.

·         Revenue generation (for SPs): Innovation in software can accelerate service delivery. Service providers can provide more value-added services to customers.

How has Today's Technology Changed the Event Planning Industry?

No doubt, the event industry has changed a lot with different factors respectively. Especially, modern technology has provided the best and impressive ways to get updated the business events by introducing modern gadgets respectively. In olden days it was not possible to produce the best ways related to the product which can elaborate the whole specifications regarding the product. Now there are a lot more resources available to display the product impressively by all means. In olden days it was also lack of resources and people prefer to use the projectors to display the product specification to their clients and printed papers were also used to provide brief knowledge about the product. With the help of modern technology, the trend of using an iPad for every type of official task has become very much famous which will also provide authentic results by all means. No doubt, the cost of an iPad is much expensive and if you are going to organize the business event, then you should have to arrange for the multiple quantities for an iPad for the complete staff. It will be a difficult thing to buy a huge quantity of an iPad for the one-day event. The best way is to utilize the option of iPad hire for events from trusted service providers respectively.

Also Read: The Biggest Secret That Will Guarantee Your Online Success

You will definitely get the multiple options of iPad rental service providers around you. Get the free quote about the devices which you actually require for the event to make it impressive and authentic by all means. IT devices play an important role in the development of every business event and it is the real key to success for every event. You should have to update your image professionally to grab the attention towards your product launch. Here we will discuss some authentic uses of gadgets which you can use in the business events to grab the attention of the customers impressively.

1.     Mobile devices are replacing the use of paper

It was very much common to use the printed papers in the business events on which mentioned the whole specification about the product or it was also used to deliver to the people to read it thoroughly. It was not an authentic way to describe the real picture of the product and it was also incomplete information about the product. Now, with the help of an iPad, everyone can use it to describe the whole description through a digital screen which makes the product impressive and also provide the sufficient information of the product without making the extra effort. IPad will help you out to describe the product specification clearly and you can also use the 3D view in the screen which you can connect the device with the giant TV which will surely provide you the best picture of the product and it will not require much effort to describe the thing verbally. You just have to prepare yourself for the task and attendees will surely ask you the questions regarding the products. You can create the video or different slides regarding the product which can deliver the best picture of the product and you can also elaborate the points through it. You provided information should be authentic and it is also based on the true reality as well.

Also Read: 5 Businesses You Can Start Tomorrow

2.                 Collect the data and information of the attendees

There is a trend in these days people prefer to get the data and information about the attendees to contact them in future for business concerns. The best way is to invite your guests at the event by sending them an official email in which mention the date, time and the venue of the event and also describe the purpose of this event and the product know-how as well. When you are in the event arrange the duty of a person which mark the attendance of the guests which you have invited and make sure to mark the attendance by using an iPad which will present the best impression of yours and avoid using the manual system for making the attendance. As we have discussed that you will need to have the multiple quantities of iPad for the event so, you can use the iPad hire option to get save a lot more money to spend on purchasing the iPad for the event respectively.

3.                 VR concept

No doubt, virtual reality has changed the behavior of dealing the product and its specification through it. Now you can frequently get the 3D view from the virtual reality glasses which will present the product and the brief history in a unique way. These types of event technologies were not available in past days and people only get the information through print media and banners. Today VR is the strongest concepts of the century which will take you beyond to the reality. You should have to arrange for the VR on your desk to engage customers and it will really increase your attendees in the event respectively.

4.                 IPad use for the feedback section

Feedback is very much compulsory for the brand or any organization to get know about itself and the performance as well. At the end of the session, you should ask every attendee to provide sufficient feedback along with their contact details which will help you out to get overcome the points for the next event respectively. Instead of using the queue cards you should have to provide the iPad to every attendee to provide its feedback and suggestions. Moreover, get the feedback with you and examine only the satisfied customers first. After this contact them for future business relationships and also get the suggestions seriously to maintain your image strong and authentic by all means.

Also Read: The 10 Essential Things You Should Know Before Starting an Online Business

Apply these changes in your professional carrier to make yourself up to date by all means. Business events are the best platforms to provide you the better chances to grab the audience for your business and you will surely generate impressive business revenue through it respectively.  

How To Attract More Free Organic Traffic To Your Site

Yes, to attract more free organic traffic to your site needs some attention when you could possibly have a nice domain score. Without the proper maintenance of your site would give damages to free organic traffic. Especially when you are publishing some quality affiliate marking content. You should be more cautious about maintenance because there are some big Giants on the market to compete.

This guide would give you some lead point that how to maintain your website on reducing spam score and increase your ranking on top SERPs. Do not forget that lowering your spam score would increase your content ranking for free organic traffic. Now the question is how to reduce your spam score. This guide would cover you with this part.

Also Read: SEO Copywriting is a Waste of Time for Blogs

Step By Step Guide

For an understanding of the techniques, I am classifying it in a step by step guide. The step by step elaboration would make you able to know what exactly you need to do for the maintenance of your site.

Analyze Your Site For Backlinks From High Spam Score Domains

Here you would need some online tool like MOZ link explorer to know the backlinking domains to your site. Simply open MOZ explorer and put your site URL to know the backlinking domains to your site. Check the list with focus and concentration. You will find a column indicating the spam score of the sites linking your pages. Download or import the list in excel spreadsheet to your computer.

Also Read: 5 highly effective techniques to boost your organic traffic

Now filter the high spam score domains and extract all the domains to a text file. Let us learn what should we do with this text document.

Pro Tip: Why I am suggesting MOZ? Well MOZ site explorer is a tool that is recognized by Google and Google is main search platform most of the people use for searching information. Google also recognizes the domain authority score shown by MOZ.

Use Search Console For Removing The Backlinks

If you remember you saved a list of domains and also extracted a list to a text file. I explained how to find the high spam score domains in the previous step. Now open your Google search Console for starting the process to remove these extracted domains.

Open a new tab in your browser and go to the Google search page. After opening the page write “disavow links” to find the disavow tool. Disavow simply means the links which you do not want to be crawled by Google bots in your backlinks profile.

When you find the tool for disavow go to the disavow tool button and press it. A new page will open to give you the options “how to upload a disavow file?” You will find an option to upload disavow file. Click the button and upload the extracted text file. And press done. You will get a message in your search console for confirmation of updating of the disavow file.

Also Read: Seventh (7) simple Tricks That Will Take Your Blog To The Next Level

Now send an email to Google to redirect the Google bots to your site to reconsider it and remove the penalty. It’s done, now Google will crawl your pages and would start ranking your keywords and would send you the free organic traffic.

How Much Time Google Takes To Read Disavow File

If you are lucky it would not take long more than four days. But if you are unlucky the crawl process would take about two weeks to read your disavow list. With the passage of time, you will get the results by getting free organic traffic.

Also Read: Best Amazing Ways To Get People To Visit Your Web Site Again And Again

Pro Tip: You know what the search engines like especially Google bots? Well, you will understand the logic here. Google likes the disavow links, infographics on your site, backlinking other sites with relevant information for knowledge sharing naturally, updating your old content and of course backlinks from clean sites.

Also Check Out: Latest SEO Updates: Why Is SEO Important In 2019?

My iMessages Sent as Texts? Here's Why and How to Fix

What seems to be different between my iMessage today? Why are my iMessages sending as texts? I remember that it usually seems to be blue bubbles? The truth is that today's iMessage is a green bubble.

If you have encountered such confusion today - iMessage does not work on your iPhone. Guys, you have come to the right place, this article seems to be a tailor-made solution for you. Here, I will explain to you iMessage and how to solve this problem.

iMessage Definition and Function

iMessage is the embodiment of Blackberry Messenger on iOS. Unlike traditional text messaging (SMS) and multimedia messaging (MMS), iMessage uses a data network to send messages through cellular service providers and no additional charge.

Just like the webmail provided by Xiaomi, Apple only allows iMessage to be used on devices running iOS. So, you can send iMessage messages to friends who use the iOS system, and not with friends who use the Android system.

Green Bubbles and Blue Bubbles

Looking through the chats between you and your friends, you will find that the previous news will be in the blue bubble, only today's news in the abrupt green bubble, what does this mean?

A blue bubble indicates that your message was sent via iMessage.

A green bubble indicates that your message was sent via SMS or MMS.

(At times, if you can’t see any bubble for the old messages, probably your messages disappeared.)

How to deal with iMessage sent as a text message? Please continue reading.

Part 1. Restart iMessage App and iDevice

Part 2. Check Your Network Connection

Part 3. Re-login to the iMessage Account

Part 4. Disable the “Send as SMS” feature

Part 5. Use the “Reset All settings” Feature

Part 1. Restart iMessage App and iDevice

This is a way to get iMessage and other iOS issues back to normal. Very simple, please follow the steps to fix iMessage sending as text:

1. Close iMessage: Open the settings in your iPhone, find the message option, and close the button next to iMessage.

2. Turn off the iPhone: Press and hold the power button until you see “Slide to off” and slide to close it. Wait 1-2 minutes.

3. Start the iPhone and iMessage.

If restarting iMessage does not return it to normal, try the next method to check the network connection.

Part 2. Check Your Network Connection

The sending of iMessage requires Wi-Fi or cellular data, which can cause iPhone sent a text message if your network connection is not smooth. Therefore, it is necessary to check the network connection to troubleshoot. Do an experiment: Open Safari on iDevice and open any website to see if the website is loaded successfully. If it is a failure, it is a network problem, this is the problem.

Resetting the network settings can act as a savior so you can solve the network problem by resetting the network, but you will lose all Wi-Fi and other network settings you have saved.

1. Open the Settings app and scroll to the “General” settings.

2. Click the “Reset” option and select “Reset Network Settings”.

3. You need to enter a password to confirm this action.

If you don't want to reset your network settings, you can still do this: Switch to a Wi-Fi network with a strong signal or an iMessage message sent using mobile data.

Part 3. Re-login to the iMessage Account

Why is my iPhone sending texts instead of iMessage? Re-login to the iMessage account to resolve this issue.

1. Open the settings in your phone, find the message option, and open “Send & Receive”.

2. Click on “Apple ID” and select Exit.

3. Re-register with Apple ID.

4. Try sending an iMessage to another iOS device.

Part 4. Disable the “Send as SMS” feature

Regarding the messaging section, one of the smart features Apple offers is “send as SMS”. This means that iMessage can be automatically sent as a text message when the iPhone or other iOS device is unable to connect to the network. Try disabling this feature and check if iMessage can be sent normally.

1. Similarly, go to “message” in the settings app.

2. Find the “Send as SMS” function and close it.

3. Try sending an iMessage to another iOS device.

Part 5. Use the “Reset All settings” Feature

If none of the above works and you can't find other better solutions, then you may need to take the ultimate approach to tackle iMessage going through as text. It is similar to the steps to reset the network:

1. Open the Settings app and scroll to the “General” settings.

2. Click the “Reset” option and select “Reset All Settings”.

3. When it asks you, enter the password to confirm the operation.

Make a Conclusion

Why are my iMessages sending as texts? Now you have mastered five solutions. If all of the above troubleshooting steps don't solve the iMessage problem, you need to bring the iPhone to the Apple Store for a check (I don't think you will have such an opportunity, laugh).

I am looking forward to sharing your experience with iMessage. Of course, other about iOS is also very welcome.

Author Bio

Liz Harris, a writer of FoneCope, love Apple products and good at solving problems caused by the iOS system on iPhone and iPad.

MTN finally Launches Free Facebook For Everybody

Good News for all Facebook Devotees on the MTN Nigeria Mobile Network, you can now Browse Facebook all day and night for FREE using your Mobile device or Pc. This is not a Free Browsing Cheat - It's another MTN Bonus Offer that only works for Facebook!! But however, the bonus is limited to 20 Mb per day just like other network providers.

This new service will enable users to stay connected through Facebook with their friends and family from any mobile Web browser without incurring any data charges. Free Facebook is optimized for speed – it is a new faster, lightweight version of the Facebook mobile site m.facebook.com. The site does not have graphics or photos, and free Facebook pages have been designed for performance on MTN’s network.

To Enjoy FREE Facebook Browsing on MTN - Visit http://free.facebook.com from your mobile browser or Pc browser. How long will it last? As we all know some of the introduce MTN bonus doesn’t stay for a long time, Let’s not worry about that for now. Help others find this post, like, Share - Google + it. Thanks and happy Facebooking!! 

Most Common Design Mistakes Designers Make

 

What makes a great design? You must have read several guidelines to learn about the tips and tricks to create a perfect logo. No here you will unleash the techniques and practice that can take all of your efforts to go down the drain. You will learn about the things you must not attempt and the things that can slowly influence your design and its performance in the long run.

To learn about the tips to create a successful and engaging logo when offering logo designers services UAE, you have to go through the following list of most common mistakes which many designers make: Read on

Also Read: 5 Most Useful YouTube Shortcut keys You Must Know!

Relying on Trends

The first and the biggest mistakes which most of the designer make is to follow the trends in the wrong manner. Trends come and go every year and you have to seek inspiration from them. You must follow them blindly. Your logo must be free from every boundary. You can restrict its approach to a single trend or color. Many designers adopt the latest trends and create the logo and once the trend disappears, their creation also loses the charm.

The Use Of Typefaces

The second most important thing is the wrong use of typeface. Every font depicts a certain message and serves a purpose. You cannot pick the font without noticing the fact whether it is playing its role in the logo or not. You have to analyze its look on the interface and see whether it will help to deliver the right message or will leave an entirely opposite outlook. That’s the reasons why there are tools with hundreds of font options to let the designers offering logo designers services UAE the chance to select the most appropriate font for their logo. Therefore, when you plan to create your logo you have to carefully look into the characteristics of the font.

Also Read: 5 Free Software That Are Actually Great! 2019

Poor Color Selection

Color plays the most important role in making or breaking a logo. It can double the effectiveness of a logo or negatively influence its outlook. Designers carry out a deep thought process and study the color psychology before selecting a tone or shade. That’s how a great logo is sketched. However, there are most of the designers who pay little to no attention to creating the logo. You have to analyze the impact a color can create on the identity you created for your logo. The color you select must be able to deliver the core message and attract the viewer.

Moreover, every color and its shades have a different meaning. For instance, the deep blue depicts professionalism and a corporate identity while the light blues shows fun, cheerfulness. Therefore, you have to learn about the shades of each color palette as well.

Also Read: TOP 10 Common Computer Problems and their Solutions

A Complex Design

Look for ease and convenience for your target viewers. You must not create an intricate or complex logo design that becomes difficult to understand. Your design must be such that can deliver its core purpose in the first glance. Within a few seconds, it must be able to grab the attention and persuade the viewer about the quality of the services you offer.

The best tip to overcome a complicated design is to follow the minimalist approach. You have to stick to the rules of adding only those icons, elements, and graphics that is necessary and one, which supports your overall idea of the logo. You must keep the outlook as simple as possible. A simple logo is easy to transform in a responsive layout. Moreover, it can be resized to be used for different platforms.

Copied Design

The biggest mistake that you can make is to copy the designs that other designers make. You cannot directly copy every feature and think that nobody will get to know about it. The internet is far more advanced than being called a global village. Every other user is keeping an eye on multiple options and platform to extract information. Once your mistake gets caught it will leave a negative impact on your professional career as well. Therefore, be careful and it’s good to seek inspiration but it’s not acceptable to directly copy the entire design.