Line
Break Tag
Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything
following it starts from the next line. This tag is an example of an empty
element, where you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to
go in between them. The <br /> tag has a space between the characters br
and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble
rendering the line break, while if you miss the forward slash character and
just use <br> it is not valid in XHTML.
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Line
Break Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello<br
/>
You
delivered your assignment on time.<br />
Thanks<br
/>
Hassan</p>
</body>
</html>
|
This will produce the following result:
Hello
You
delivered your assignment on time.
Thanks
Hassan
|
COMMENTING
YOUR HTML
Back in the garage,
you’re doing a little work on your project car and, as you prepare to replace
the existing tires with a new set, you notice that your hubcaps aren’t bolted
on: you’d stuck them to the car with nothing more than super glue. There must
have been a good reason for doing that, but you can’t remember what it was. The
trouble is, if you had a reason to attach the hubcaps that way before, surely
you should do it the same way again. Wouldn’t it be great if you’d left
yourself a note when you first did it, explaining why you used super glue
instead of bolts? Then again, your car wouldn’t look very nice with notes stuck
all over it. What a quandary. When you’re creating a web site, you may find
yourself in a similar situation. You might build a site then not touch it again
for six months. Then when you revisit the work, you might find yourself going
through the all-too-familiar head-scratching routine. Fortunately, there is a
solution.
XHTML—like most
programming and markup languages—allows you to use comments.11 Comments are
perfect for making notes about something you’ve done and, though they’re
included within your code, comments do not affect the on-screen display. Here’s
an example of a comment:
<!DOCTYPE
html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Comment
example</title>
<meta
http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html;
charset=utf-8"/>
</head>
<body>
<p>I
really, <em>really</em> like this XHTML stuff.</p>
<!--
Added emphasis using the em element. Handy one, that. -->
</body>
</html>
|
shows the page viewed
on-screen.
Comments must start with
<!--, after which you’re free to type whatever you like as a “note to self.”
Well, you’re free to type almost anything: you cannot type double dashes. Why
not? Because that’s a signal that the comment is about to end—the --> part. Oh,
and did you spot how we snuck another new element in there? The emphasis element,
denoted with the <em>and </em>tags, is used wherever … well, do I
really need to tell you? Actually, that last question was there to illustrate
this point: did you notice that the word “really” appeared in italics? Read
that part to yourself now, and listen to the way it sounds in your head. Now
you know when to use them element.
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